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tiepoint.README
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tiepoint README
To give this program a try - type
tiepoint -r ../src/haeberli/images/jeff.rgb ../src/haeberli/images/dave.rgb
tiepoint(1) UNIX System V (30 June 1991)
NAME
tiepoint - Demonstration of Warping and Registration by
Specifying Tie Points
SYNOPSIS
tiepoint [ options ] img-file
where the options are:
[ -order ][ -s scale ][ -r ref-file ][ -v vec-file ]
DESCRIPTION
This program demonstrates the use of Control or Tie points
to determine the coefficients of a polynomial warping
function. An original image is displayed in one window, and
the warped image in another. A reference image or vector
overlay may be specified to help guide the warping. A pop
up menu provides additional controls.
The orderr option specifies the order of the warping
polynomial, and must be between 1 and 3. It defaults to 2.
The scale factor scales the output window by the specified
value. The output window may also be resized.
The ref-file is the name of a reference image on top of
which the warped image will be displayed.
The vec-file is the name of an optional file of vectors to
be displayed over the image.
The img-file is the name of the original image and defaults
to snap.rgb.
WARP CONTROL
Tie points can be added by pointing to either image,
clicking the left mouse and dragging to locate the desired
new location. Tie points are indicated by a yellow line
with a small circle at the destination end. They are shown
in both windows, and move during editing. Pointing and
clicking on an existing small circle will edit its
placement.
An additional point is shown for each tie point to indicate
where the point will actually reside given the current set
of constraints. It is connected to the end points of the
requested tie points with red and cyan lines. It appears
only momentarily on the output image, and moves during
editing.
The Tie Pt Control menu has selections to clear all tie
points, to delete the last tie point selected (backspace
also deletes the last tie point), or to save or restore the
tie points in a file warped.tiepts. The tie point values are
scaled to 0:1.
Meshes are shown on each image to indicate the effect of the
current editing. The mesh on the input image outlines the
area which will be sampled to form the output image. The
mesh on the output image outlines where the original image
will go. The meshes can be disabled or enabled via the
Overlay Control menu. The display of the overlay vec-file,
if supplied, may be hidden via this menu.
All tie points and meshes can be removed for viewing via the
Clear Notations selection of the Overlay Control menu.
The Resamplers menu allows selection of Nearest Neighbor,
Bilinear, or Bicubic interpolation to produce new pixel
intensities from the original image pixels. The complexity
of the interpolation increases in that order.
The order of the warping polynomial can be set to a first,
second, or third degree polynomial via the Warp Order menu.
A first degree polynomial requires at least 3 points, a
second order requires at least 6 points, and a third order
requires at least 10 points. It is a good idea with the
higher orders to choose stationary points randomly
distributed over the image as the initial set of tie points,
as the mapping is very sensitive.
The warped image may be written as a sgi image file to the
file named warped.rgb via a selection in the main menu.
REGISTRATION
An image may be registered to either a reference image or to
a vector overlay. If a ref-file is given, it will determine
the shape of the output window and the input image will be
scaled to match. The window may be resized and will retain
the proportions of the reference image. Initially, only the
reference image will be shown. When a sufficient number of
tie points have been chosen to determine the warping
polynomial, the warped image will be displayed on top of the
reference image and will be surrounded by a border.
Clicking and dragging on the middle mouse button near a
border will move the border to reveal the reference image.
Additional menu selections in the Image Control menu provide
for showing no output image, a transparent output image, the
difference between the output and reference images, or a two
tone image with the output in cyan and the reference in red,
or the other way around. The difference and two tone images
are useful in registering two similar images, while the
normal and transparent output are useful in registering an
image to a map.
The vec-file is an ascii file with one x y point per line
and the last point of a line segment distinguished by the
presence of a third field. The values are pixel coordinates
and should match the size of the reference image, if
present, or the input image if not.
NOTES
Experimenting with the first order mapping may help in
understanding how the tie points effect the mapping, and
what the notations mean. The output image can be disabled
via the Image Control menu to allow the mesh of the output
image to be manipulated more rapidly, then re-enabled to see
the result. Although the input mesh is reasonably well
behaved, it does wrap over itself at times, producing
multiple copies of the overlapped region in the output
image. The output mesh is therefore a multiple valued
function, even undefined for those parts of the input image
which are not sampled by the input mesh, and hence looses
its accuracy when this occurs.